James III of Scotland was born in 1451 and became king in 1460 at the age of nine after the death of his father, James II. His reign was marked by internal conflicts and struggles for power among the nobility, which weakened his authority. James III is known for his patronage of the arts and culture, including the construction of Stirling Castle and the establishment of the University of Edinburgh. He faced significant challenges, including a rebellion led by his brother, John, Duke of Albany, and ultimately died in battle in 1488.