JSF Components are reusable user interface elements in the JavaServer Faces framework, designed to simplify web application development. They encapsulate both the presentation and behavior of UI elements, allowing developers to create dynamic web pages with less code. Common components include buttons, text fields, and data tables. Each JSF Component can be customized and configured using attributes, making it easy to adapt to specific application needs. These components are managed by a component tree, which helps maintain the state of the UI across requests, ensuring a seamless user experience in Java EE applications.