Ivan The Terrible was the first Tsar of Russia, ruling from 1547 to 1584. He is known for centralizing power and expanding the Russian territory, significantly increasing the influence of the Russian Empire. His reign marked the transition from a medieval state to a more modern autocracy. Despite his accomplishments, Ivan earned a reputation for cruelty and paranoia. He established the Oprichnina, a state policy that involved a secret police force to eliminate perceived enemies. His violent actions and erratic behavior led to a legacy of fear, earning him the title "Terrible," which reflects his harsh rule rather than sheer terror.