Ivan Shishman was the last Tsar of the Second Bulgarian Empire, ruling from 1371 to 1395. He is known for his efforts to defend Bulgaria against the expanding Ottoman Empire. His reign was marked by internal strife and external threats, as he struggled to maintain the independence of his kingdom. Despite his challenges, Shishman is remembered for his attempts to unite the Bulgarian nobility and strengthen the state. His rule ended when he was defeated by the Ottomans, leading to the eventual fall of Bulgaria under Ottoman control. Shishman's legacy is significant in Bulgarian history.