Item Response Theory (IRT) is a statistical framework used to analyze responses to assessments, such as tests or questionnaires. It focuses on the relationship between an individual's latent traits, like ability or attitude, and their performance on specific items. IRT helps in understanding how different items function across various levels of ability. IRT provides valuable insights for test design and evaluation. It allows researchers to assess item characteristics, such as difficulty and discrimination, ensuring that assessments are fair and effective. This method is widely used in educational testing, psychological assessments, and survey research to improve measurement accuracy.