Italian universities are known for their rich history and academic excellence. Many of them, such as University of Bologna and Sapienza University of Rome, are among the oldest in the world, dating back to the Middle Ages. They offer a wide range of programs in various fields, including humanities, sciences, and engineering, attracting students from around the globe. The Italian higher education system is divided into three cycles: Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate degrees. Universities in Italy are public and private, with public institutions receiving funding from the government. Students often benefit from a vibrant cultural environment, with numerous opportunities for research and collaboration.