Italian Colonialism refers to the period when Italy established colonies in Africa and the Mediterranean from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. Key territories included Eritrea, Somalia, and Libya. Italy aimed to expand its influence and compete with other European powers, often using military force to control these regions. The Italian colonial experience was marked by efforts to assimilate local populations and exploit resources. This included the establishment of settlements and infrastructure, but also led to significant resistance and conflict. The legacy of Italian colonialism continues to affect relations in these regions today.