Italian Baroque art emerged in the late 16th century and flourished throughout the 17th century. Characterized by dramatic use of light and shadow, it aimed to evoke emotion and grandeur. Artists like Caravaggio and Gian Lorenzo Bernini utilized dynamic compositions and realistic details to engage viewers, often depicting religious themes. This style was marked by its theatricality and movement, breaking away from the calmness of the Renaissance. Baroque architecture, exemplified by structures like St. Peter's Basilica, featured bold forms and elaborate decorations, reflecting the power of the Catholic Church during this period.