The term "Islamic conquest" refers to the rapid expansion of Islamic rule following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. This expansion was primarily led by the Rashidun Caliphate and later the Umayyad Caliphate, which spread Islam across the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and parts of Europe and Asia. The conquests were often marked by military campaigns, but they also involved trade and cultural exchanges. These conquests significantly influenced the regions involved, leading to the establishment of Islamic governance and the spread of Islamic culture and Arabic language. The conquests facilitated the integration of diverse peoples and cultures under Islamic rule, shaping the political and social landscapes of many areas for centuries to come.