Irish surnames often reflect the rich history and culture of Ireland. Many surnames are derived from the Gaelic language, with prefixes like O' meaning "descendant of" and Mac meaning "son of." Common surnames include Murphy, O'Sullivan, and Kelly, each with unique meanings and origins tied to specific regions or clans. These surnames can also indicate a person's ancestry or profession. For example, Smith refers to a metalworker, while Fitzgerald means "son of Gerald." Understanding these surnames provides insight into Ireland's social structure and heritage, showcasing the importance of family lineage in Irish culture.