The Iowa Constitution is the foundational legal document that outlines the structure and function of the state government of Iowa. It was first adopted in 1846 and has undergone several amendments to address changing societal needs and values. The Constitution establishes the three branches of government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, ensuring a system of checks and balances. The Iowa Constitution also includes a Bill of Rights, which guarantees individual freedoms and protections for residents. This document serves as a framework for state laws and governance, reflecting the principles of democracy and the rule of law in Iowa.