Ionization processes refer to the methods by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons, resulting in the formation of charged particles called ions. This can occur through various means, such as exposure to high energy radiation, chemical reactions, or thermal energy. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positively charged ion, while gaining an electron results in a negatively charged ion. These processes are fundamental in many scientific fields, including chemistry, physics, and biology. Ionization plays a crucial role in phenomena like plasma formation, electrolysis, and the functioning of ionization chambers used in radiation detection.