Investment disputes refer to conflicts that arise between investors and host countries regarding the terms and conditions of investments. These disputes can occur due to issues such as expropriation, regulatory changes, or breaches of contract. Investors may seek compensation for losses incurred as a result of these actions, often leading to legal proceedings. To resolve investment disputes, parties may turn to international arbitration or mediation. Institutions like the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) provide a framework for resolving these conflicts, ensuring that both investors and states have a fair opportunity to present their cases.