Invertebrate physiology is the study of how invertebrate animals, which lack a backbone, function and survive. This field examines various systems, including nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems, to understand how these organisms interact with their environment. Invertebrates, such as insects, mollusks, and crustaceans, exhibit diverse adaptations that enable them to thrive in different habitats. Research in invertebrate physiology also explores how these animals regulate their internal processes, such as metabolism and reproduction. By studying invertebrates, scientists gain insights into evolutionary biology and the ecological roles these creatures play in ecosystems, contributing to our understanding of biodiversity.