Interpolation techniques are mathematical methods used to estimate unknown values that fall within a range of known data points. These techniques are essential in various fields, such as statistics, computer graphics, and data analysis, where precise values are needed for modeling or predictions. Common methods include linear interpolation, which connects two known points with a straight line, and polynomial interpolation, which uses polynomials to fit a curve through multiple points. Another popular technique is spline interpolation, which employs piecewise polynomials to create a smooth curve that passes through the data points. Interpolation helps in filling gaps in data, enhancing the accuracy of models, and improving visual representations in charts and graphs.