The Internet Backbone refers to the high-capacity network of data routes and connections that form the core of the Internet. It consists of large, powerful routers and fiber-optic cables that transmit vast amounts of data across long distances. This infrastructure is essential for connecting different regions and enabling communication between various networks. Major telecommunications companies, often called Internet Service Providers (ISPs), own and maintain these backbone networks. They ensure that data can flow efficiently between users, websites, and services, allowing for seamless access to information and resources online.