The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is an organization established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1994. Its primary role is to regulate mineral-related activities in the international seabed area, which is beyond national jurisdiction. The ISA aims to ensure that these activities are conducted for the benefit of all humanity while protecting the marine environment. The ISA is responsible for granting licenses for exploration and exploitation of seabed resources, such as polymetallic nodules and hydrothermal vents. It also promotes scientific research and cooperation among member states, ensuring that the benefits derived from seabed resources are shared equitably.