Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is a scientific framework that aims to explain consciousness. Developed by Giulio Tononi, it posits that consciousness corresponds to the level of integrated information within a system. This means that a conscious experience arises when information is processed in a unified manner, rather than in a fragmented way. The theory introduces a measure called Phi (Φ), which quantifies the degree of integration. A higher Φ value indicates a greater level of consciousness, suggesting that systems with more interconnected components, like the human brain, can experience richer conscious states compared to simpler systems.