Insulin signaling is a biological process that begins when the hormone insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells. This binding activates a series of intracellular pathways that help regulate glucose uptake, fat storage, and protein synthesis. The primary goal of insulin signaling is to lower blood sugar levels after eating. Once activated, the insulin receptor triggers a cascade of reactions involving proteins like IRS (Insulin Receptor Substrate) and PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase). These reactions lead to the translocation of glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, to the cell membrane, allowing cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream efficiently.