Instrument tuning is the process of adjusting the pitch of a musical instrument to ensure it produces the correct notes. Each instrument, such as a guitar, piano, or violin, has specific standards for tuning, often based on the A440 pitch standard, where the note A above middle C is tuned to 440 Hz. Proper tuning is essential for musicians to play in harmony with others and to achieve the desired sound quality. Various tools, like electronic tuners or tuning forks, can assist in this process, helping musicians maintain accurate pitch during practice and performances.