The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a ground-based navigation aid that helps pilots land aircraft safely, especially in low visibility conditions. It provides precise guidance on the aircraft's horizontal and vertical position relative to the runway. ILS consists of two main components: the Localizer, which guides the aircraft along the centerline of the runway, and the Glide Slope, which helps maintain the correct descent angle. ILS is widely used in commercial aviation and is essential for airports with frequent flights. It enhances safety by allowing landings in poor weather, such as fog or heavy rain, ensuring that pilots can rely on accurate signals to reach the runway.