Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are committees established to review and oversee research involving human subjects. Their primary purpose is to ensure that ethical standards are maintained, protecting the rights and welfare of participants. IRBs evaluate research proposals to assess potential risks and benefits, ensuring compliance with regulations and ethical guidelines. These boards consist of diverse members, including scientists, ethicists, and community representatives. They play a crucial role in the research process by providing oversight and ensuring that studies involving human participants, such as clinical trials or surveys, adhere to ethical principles and regulatory requirements.