An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee established to review and oversee research involving human subjects. Its primary purpose is to ensure that ethical standards are maintained, protecting the rights and welfare of participants. The IRB evaluates research proposals to assess potential risks and benefits, ensuring compliance with regulations. IRBs are typically found in academic institutions, hospitals, and research organizations. They consist of diverse members, including scientists, ethicists, and community representatives. By reviewing studies before they begin, IRBs help promote ethical research practices and foster public trust in the scientific community.