Input controls are mechanisms used in software and systems to ensure that the data entered by users is accurate, valid, and secure. These controls can include features like data validation, which checks for correct formats, and user authentication, which verifies the identity of the person entering the data. By implementing input controls, organizations can reduce errors and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information. Common types of input controls include dropdown menus, checkboxes, and text fields. These tools help guide users in providing the correct information while minimizing mistakes. Effective input controls are essential for maintaining data integrity and enhancing user experience in applications and websites.