Inoculation techniques are methods used to introduce microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, into a culture medium. This process is essential in microbiology for studying the growth, behavior, and characteristics of these organisms. Common methods include using a sterile loop or needle to transfer samples, ensuring that contamination is minimized. These techniques are crucial in various applications, including vaccine development and research in immunology. By carefully controlling the inoculation process, scientists can observe how pathogens interact with host cells, leading to advancements in treatments and preventive measures against diseases.