Initial Access refers to the methods used by cyber attackers to gain entry into a target system or network. This can involve exploiting vulnerabilities in software, using phishing techniques to trick users into revealing credentials, or leveraging stolen credentials to bypass security measures. The goal is to establish a foothold for further malicious activities. Once initial access is achieved, attackers can move laterally within the network, escalate privileges, and deploy malware. Techniques such as malware, ransomware, and social engineering are commonly employed to maintain access and achieve their objectives, which may include data theft or system disruption.