Inhalation anesthetics are gases or vapors used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures. They are administered through a mask or breathing tube, allowing patients to breathe in the anesthetic agent. Common examples include nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. These agents work by affecting the central nervous system, leading to a loss of consciousness and sensation. The effectiveness of inhalation anesthetics is measured by their minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), which indicates the concentration needed to prevent movement in response to surgical stimuli in 50% of patients. Inhalation anesthetics are often preferred for their rapid onset and easy control, making them a vital part of modern anesthesia practice.