Inductor design involves creating a passive electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electrical current flows through it. Key factors in designing an inductor include its inductance value, core material, wire gauge, and the number of turns in the coil. These elements influence the inductor's performance, efficiency, and size. The choice of core material, such as ferrite or iron, affects the inductor's ability to handle high frequencies and saturation levels. Additionally, the physical dimensions and shape of the inductor can impact its thermal performance and electromagnetic interference. Proper design ensures optimal functionality in various applications, including power supplies and RF circuits.