Indirect coupling refers to a method of connecting two systems or components through an intermediary. This means that instead of directly linking the two, they interact via a third element, which can help manage the relationship and reduce direct dependencies. This approach is often used in various fields, including engineering and computer science, to enhance flexibility and maintainability. In the context of mechanical systems, indirect coupling can involve using gears or pulleys to transmit motion between parts. In software design, it may refer to using interfaces or APIs to allow different programs to communicate without being tightly integrated. This separation can lead to more robust and adaptable systems.