Indian film history began in the early 20th century, with the first silent film, Raja Harishchandra, released in 1913 by Dadasaheb Phalke. The industry grew rapidly, producing both silent and talkie films, with the first Indian sound film, Alam Ara, debuting in 1931. By the 1950s and 1960s, Indian cinema gained international recognition, with filmmakers like Satyajit Ray and Raj Kapoor making significant contributions. The industry diversified into various regional cinemas, including Bollywood in Hindi, Tollywood in Telugu, and Kollywood in Tamil, shaping a rich and vibrant cultural landscape.