An Independent System Operator (ISO) is an organization responsible for managing and coordinating the electricity grid in a specific region. Its primary role is to ensure that electricity supply meets demand while maintaining reliability and efficiency. ISOs operate independently from electricity producers and consumers, which helps to promote fair competition in the energy market. ISOs oversee the transmission of electricity, manage grid operations, and facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources. They also play a crucial role in planning for future energy needs and ensuring that the infrastructure can support a stable and reliable electricity supply for consumers and businesses alike.