The Independent Sample T-Test is a statistical method used to compare the means of two separate groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them. This test is applicable when the two groups are independent, meaning that the participants in one group do not influence those in the other group. To conduct an Independent Sample T-Test, researchers collect data from both groups and calculate the t-statistic, which measures the difference between the group means relative to the variability within the groups. A significant result indicates that the means are likely different in the population from which the samples were drawn.