In-Circuit Testing (ICT) is a method used to verify the functionality of electronic circuits on a printed circuit board (PCB). This testing occurs after the components are soldered onto the PCB but before the final assembly. ICT uses specialized equipment to check for shorts, opens, and other defects, ensuring that each component is correctly placed and functioning. The process involves connecting a test fixture to the PCB, which applies electrical signals to the circuit. By measuring the response, technicians can identify issues such as faulty components or incorrect connections. This helps improve product reliability and reduces the risk of failures in the final product.