An "If Statement" is a fundamental programming construct that allows a program to make decisions based on certain conditions. It evaluates a condition and executes a specific block of code if that condition is true. For example, in the programming language Python, an if statement can check if a variable is greater than a certain value and perform actions accordingly.
If statements can also include "else" and "elif" (short for "else if") clauses to handle multiple conditions. This enables more complex decision-making processes. For instance, a program can check if a user input matches a specific value and respond differently based on the outcome, enhancing interactivity and functionality.