In vitro diagnostics (IVD) refers to medical tests performed on samples taken from the human body, such as blood, urine, or tissue. These tests are conducted outside the body, typically in a laboratory setting, to help diagnose diseases, monitor health conditions, or guide treatment decisions. IVDs can include a variety of tests, such as blood tests, urinalysis, and genetic testing. IVDs play a crucial role in modern healthcare by providing essential information that aids healthcare professionals in making informed decisions. They are regulated by health authorities to ensure accuracy and reliability. Common examples of IVD products include test kits, reagents, and diagnostic instruments.