IP Filtering is a security technique used to control the flow of data packets based on their IP addresses. It allows network administrators to permit or deny access to specific devices or networks, enhancing security by blocking unwanted traffic. This method is commonly used in firewalls and routers to protect networks from unauthorized access. By analyzing incoming and outgoing data, IP Filtering can help prevent attacks and manage bandwidth usage. It can be configured to allow only trusted IP addresses or to restrict access to certain services, ensuring that only legitimate users can connect to the network.