Hydroxychloroquine is a medication primarily used to treat autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. It works by reducing inflammation and modulating the immune system, helping to alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions. In addition to its primary uses, hydroxychloroquine gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential treatment. However, studies have shown mixed results regarding its effectiveness against the virus, leading to ongoing debate and research in the medical community.