Hydropower turbines are machines that convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. They are commonly used in hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity. When water flows over the turbine blades, it causes them to spin, which then drives a generator to produce electrical power. There are different types of hydropower turbines, including Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines, each designed for specific water flow conditions. These turbines are essential for harnessing renewable energy from rivers and dams, contributing to a sustainable energy future while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.