Hydrophobia, commonly associated with rabies, is a severe viral infection that affects the central nervous system. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, often a dog or bat. The virus can cause inflammation of the brain, leading to various neurological symptoms. One of the hallmark symptoms of hydrophobia is an intense fear of water, which occurs due to spasms in the throat muscles. Other symptoms may include confusion, agitation, and paralysis. Without prompt treatment, rabies is almost always fatal, making vaccination and immediate medical attention crucial after potential exposure.