Hydantoins are a class of pharmaceutical compounds primarily used as anticonvulsants to manage seizures in conditions like epilepsy. They work by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing excessive electrical activity in the brain. One of the most well-known hydantoins is phenytoin, which has been widely used since the 1930s. These compounds are characterized by their unique chemical structure, which includes a five-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms. Hydantoins can also have applications in other areas, such as in the synthesis of certain pharmaceuticals and as intermediates in organic chemistry.