Hungarian science has a rich history, contributing significantly to various fields such as mathematics, physics, and medicine. Notable figures include John von Neumann, a pioneer in computer science and game theory, and László Bíró, who invented the ballpoint pen. The country is also known for its achievements in the natural sciences, particularly in chemistry and biology. In recent years, Hungary has focused on research and development, fostering innovation through institutions like the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The country participates in international collaborations, enhancing its scientific output and addressing global challenges, such as climate change and health issues.