Humayun was the second Mughal emperor, ruling from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 until his death in 1556. He was the son of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. Humayun faced many challenges during his reign, including conflicts with Afghan and Rajput rulers, which led to his temporary exile. After regaining his throne with the help of the Persian Empire, Humayun focused on consolidating his power and expanding the empire. He is also known for commissioning the Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which later inspired the design of the Taj Mahal.