Hot plugging is the process of adding or removing hardware components from a computer or device while it is powered on and running. This feature allows users to connect or disconnect devices like USB drives, hard drives, or network cards without needing to shut down the system, making it convenient for tasks that require quick changes. The technology behind hot plugging ensures that the operating system recognizes the new hardware immediately, allowing for seamless integration. This capability is commonly found in modern devices, including laptops, servers, and peripheral devices, enhancing flexibility and efficiency in managing hardware resources.