Horizontal Fragmentation is a database design technique where a table's rows are divided into smaller, more manageable pieces called fragments. Each fragment contains a subset of the rows based on specific criteria, such as a range of values or a particular attribute. This approach helps improve performance and efficiency by allowing queries to access only the relevant fragments instead of the entire table. By distributing data across multiple fragments, Horizontal Fragmentation can enhance data retrieval speed and reduce the load on the database system. It is particularly useful in large databases where managing all the data as a single entity can lead to inefficiencies and slower response times.