The Homeland Security Act was enacted in 2002 in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Its primary goal was to enhance the United States' ability to prevent and respond to terrorist threats. The act established the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which consolidates various federal agencies to improve coordination and efficiency in national security efforts. The act also introduced measures for improving border security, immigration enforcement, and emergency preparedness. It aimed to protect critical infrastructure and promote information sharing among federal, state, and local agencies. Overall, the Homeland Security Act represents a significant shift in U.S. policy towards national security.