The history of medicine dates back to ancient civilizations, where early practitioners used natural remedies and spiritual healing. In ancient Egypt, for example, physicians like Imhotep combined herbal treatments with surgical techniques. The Greeks advanced medical knowledge with figures like Hippocrates, who is often called the "Father of Medicine" for his emphasis on observation and ethics in practice. During the Middle Ages, medical knowledge was preserved by Islamic scholars, such as Avicenna, who wrote influential texts like "The Canon of Medicine." The Renaissance sparked further advancements, leading to the development of anatomy and surgery, culminating in modern medicine's scientific approach in the 19th and 20th centuries.