Historical Materialism is a framework for understanding history and society, primarily associated with the works of Karl Marx. It posits that material conditions, such as economic factors and the means of production, shape social structures, ideas, and cultural practices. According to this theory, the way societies produce goods influences their social relations and institutions. This approach contrasts with idealist perspectives, which emphasize ideas and beliefs as the primary drivers of historical change. Historical Materialism suggests that changes in the economy lead to shifts in class relations, ultimately resulting in social transformations, such as revolutions and the emergence of new political systems.