Histogram Equalization is a technique used in image processing to improve the contrast of an image. It works by redistributing the intensity values of the pixels so that they cover a wider range. This helps to enhance the visibility of features in images that may be too dark or too bright. The process involves creating a histogram of the pixel intensities, calculating a cumulative distribution function, and then mapping the original pixel values to new values based on this function. As a result, the output image has a more uniform distribution of intensities, making it easier to analyze and interpret.