The term "Hindu-Arabic" refers to the numeral system that is widely used today, consisting of ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. This system originated in ancient India and was later transmitted to the Islamic world, where it was further developed and popularized. The Hindu-Arabic numeral system is notable for its use of place value and the concept of zero, which allows for efficient representation of large numbers. It replaced earlier numeral systems, such as Roman numerals, due to its simplicity and versatility in mathematical calculations.