Higher education in Albania consists of universities and higher education institutions that offer a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The system has undergone significant reforms since the early 1990s, transitioning from a centralized model to a more decentralized one, allowing for greater academic freedom and diversity in educational offerings. Albania's higher education institutions are regulated by the Ministry of Education and Sports, which ensures quality standards and accreditation. Many universities collaborate with international institutions, promoting student exchange programs and research initiatives, thereby enhancing the global competitiveness of Albanian graduates.